Showing posts with label clinical psychology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label clinical psychology. Show all posts

The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making (McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology) Review

The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making (McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology)
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The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making (McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology) ReviewThis is a fascinating book analyzing how we are all far less Cartesian than we think. In other words, a slew of predictable human bias flaws what we feel is our own objective judgment. The author eminently demonstrates this point by forcing the reader to take a 39 questions test at the beginning of the book. This test is stuffed with all the traps that illustrate the human judgment flaws that he analyzes thoroughly in following specific chapters.
You can view the test as a very entertaining IQ test from hell. The questions seem often simple. But, they are not. Other times, they are obviously difficult. I got a bit more than half of them correct. This was mainly because I had some knowledge or experience regarding certain traps the questions presented. I had made the mistake before. So, I learned from that. When I did not have any prior knowledge of a question, my results were very human, meaning not that good. But, learning the correct answer was both fun and educating.
The author touches on several fascinating probability and statistic concepts. One of them being the Bayes theorem, which suggests that medical screen test can be highly unreliable despite being touted as 80% to 90% accurate. In other words, you better understand the Bayes theorem better than the medical specialists who screen you for various diseases. Because, based on the author's study, doctors don't have a clue. Another chapter had an excellent discussion on correlation vs. causation. This includes some tricky nuances that many analysts in the financial industry trip upon. Another interesting probability concept is why it takes only 23 people in a room to have greater than a 50% that two of them share the same birthday. This seems impossible, but it is true.
The book has obviously a lot more than I am letting on here. I am not going to ruin it for you. It is really fun, educating, and interesting to read. You will also learn a whole lot about how you think, how others think, and how people think in groups. You will also understand how tricky it is to ask truly open and objective questions. Also, polls that seem objective are not due to the subjective structure of the question. I think you will enjoy this book, and I strongly recommend it.The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making (McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology) Overview

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Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide Review

Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide
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Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide ReviewAs a psychotherapist, I've struggled to treat various forms of Complex PTSD, in children & adults, for over 20 years, including borderline personality disorder, Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and current forms of multi-deployment Combat PTSD.
This recent collection of 20 articles from over 30 leading scholars, researchers and clinicians in the field will doubtless be the standard reference for Complex PTSD for many years. If you want to know more about how to understand, diagnose and treat Complex PTSD, START HERE! The articles are divided into three sections: overview, individual treatment approaches and strategies and - what a relief! - systemic treatment approaches and strategies. I say, "What a relief!", as often in reviews of treatment approaches, systemic approaches are given short shrift. And in my experience, systemic approaches are often VERY much needed, in some cases indispensible, for healing Complex PTSD, especially with children & teens, and especially with major problems with attachment - one sadly common hallmark of Complex PTSD. Each article has an extensive bibliography for those who want to know more.
The "Overview" section covers a satisfyingly large number of topics, including current approaches to understanding & defining Complex PTSD, overviews on best Practices with children & teens and with adults, cultural issues, risk management/treatment alliance and compassion fatigue/vicarious traumatizing. I want to compliment the editors for this last article. Few areas of psychotherapy are more prone to therapist burnout via PTSD by association than Complex PTSD. I strongly recommend that all clinicians who work significantly in this area become competent in assessing their own risks to compassion fatigue and take regular steps to manage this.
The "Individual Treatment Approaches and Strategies" section is refreshingly clear of biases toward one school. In addition to the standard Cognitive/Behavioral models, they also include articles on Experiential and Emotion-Focused Models, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and - useful for clinicians to know --Pharmacotherapy. Each article presents an initial summary, the model's basic assumptions/theory, reviews the research, discusses specific clinical applications and presents a case example and/or transcript. While not lengthy, they provide enough information for clinicians to decide whether to pursue an approach further.
The "Systemic Treatment Approaches and Strategies" section includes Richard Schwartz's "Internal Family Systems" as well as traditional multi-person "systems" treatments - Couple Therapy, Family Systems Therapy and Group Therapy. As with the individual treatment section, each section includes overview, basic assumptions, review of research, clinical applications and case example/transcript. Both the "Internal Family Systems" and the "Couple Therapy" articles are written by the field's giants - Schwartz and Susan Johnson & Christine Courtois. These two articles are gems for a moderate introduction. I found the family section more disappointing - particularly since so little has been "overviewed" in this field. But then this could be because my giants - Daniel Hughes (see Attachment-Focused Family Therapy and Building the Bonds of Attachment: Awakening Love in Deeply Troubled Children) and Heather Forbes & B. Bryan Post (See Beyond Consequences, Logic, and Control: A Love-Based Approach to Helping Attachment-Challenged Children With Severe Behaviors) - weren't even referenced. Nor did they reference the Grand Dame of RAD family approaches, albeit less therapy than parenting -- Nancy Thomas. (Her 2nd ed. of "When Love Is Not Enough: A Guide to Parenting Children with RAD" is a strong improvement, correcting parts in the 1st ed. which could be misinterpreted and lead families to become punishing.)
I have three complaints, which are serious, but which don't take away the true importance of this collection. First is that by emphasizing treatments ONLY, they mention, but do not emphasize as much as, in my experience, as is desperately needed, the difficult relationship-building aspects. In my experience, building specific Complex-PTSD relationships is more important than particular treatment approaches. For information about building relationships, and about more on accessing client strengths & feedback, I recommend Psychotherapy Relationships that Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients and The Heart and Soul of Change: Delivering What Works in Therapy (Be sure to get the 2nd ed., 2010!).
Second is that large areas of Complex PTSD are neglected or even completely ignored. For example, as someone who treats Combat PTSD with soldiers (and their families) who've experienced three and four deployments of a year or more, I'm finding that the worse the deployment, and more deployments appear to be creating symptom clusters highly typical of Complex PTSD. Another area: as someone who treats individuals with Asperger's/High Functioning Autism, I find that many AS/HFA teens, especially, because of problems they face - socially, educationally, vocationally, in managing feelings, cognitively - also appear to develop symptoms quite similar to the Complex PTSD cluster.
Third is that I strongly wish that issues of addiction & various forms of self-medicating were more integrated into the Complex PTSD concept and into the treatment approaches. I find addictions/self-medicating distressingly common in Complex PTSD. And when present, addictions/self-medicating greatly complicates building treatment alliances and other relationships, the resources available to clients and finding approaches which integrate this into general Complex PTSD treatment.
Again, though, I want to emphasize: if you work in this field, I'd recommend buying this book. Its rampant pluralism of approaches is just what Complex PTSD needs. Here, like nowhere else in my clinical experience, one size does NOT fit all. Not only are different treatment approaches needed, commonly different modalities, such as family & group, are also needed. Therefore, knowing several approaches helps the vital process of individualizing treatments.
We can never know enough treatments for helping these people & their families. And "Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders" can help us all find more approaches that can help us help more clients.Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide Overview

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Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice Review

Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice
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Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice ReviewThis is a controversial and challenging book as the previous reviews attest to. In my opinion, the negative feedback can be partially attributed to the rather overt biases the authors obviously have (rather ironic given the topic of the book). However, for all the faults of the book, the authors do challenge one's beliefs- an important aspect given that the intent of the book is to made future counselors more culturally competant.
Perhaps the authors can eliminate some of the harsh reaction to the book by taking the following steps in preparing the next edition (provided that there is one):
*include other groups- Where is the discussion on individuals from the Indian sub-continent and the Middle East? They have apparently been lumped in with "Asians" though there are significant differences between an individual from Saudi Arabia and one from Taiwan. Given the increased discrimination and hostility towards these groups since 9/11, the silence from the authors is deafening. Also, their discussion of "women" and "gender issues" totally leaves out stereotypes of males. How can one have a dialogue on gender issues if one is only addressing one gender?
*address heterogeneity of African Americans- The authors are quick to note how heterogeneous the Asian American and American Indian/Native Alaskan population is but make no mention of the heterogeneity of African Americans. Why is this?
*avoid loaded language
*make sure that statements that appear as fact have sources and that they are used apporpriately- The lack of sources for bold/controversial statements of "fact" and improperly used sources hurt the credibility of the book (check at random for examples).
*show a little more respect for the heterogeneity and diversity of Euro-Americans- the authors justify this by asking the question: "If you want to understand oppression, should you ask the oppressor or the oppressed?" (p. 239). Hum. Well, OK but how does this perspective help one understand this group's heritage, beliefs, values, and the cultural influence they have? Assuming that the majority of the readers are Euro-American, how does labeling all Whites as racist help this group? Is the blatant disrespect shown this group a good model for how this group should respond to other groups? If individuals from this group are to work through their cultural identity, how does this perspective help them? I recommend that the authors have their Euro-American students read a draft of this chapter for the next edition and then reflectively consider the feedback rather than blowing it off as racism.
While I did feel challenged in some ways by this text, I failed to get what I truly longed for from it- A thoughtful and balanced look at the multicultural issues facing the U.S.Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice Overview

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well Review

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well ReviewThis is a true masterpiece. Not only is this book readable, interesting, packed with facts and informative, but it is also full of positive talk. I have done much research on this topic and by far this book is the most uplifting. It is non judgemental, full of hope, and leaves the reader with a new understanding of the disorders discussed. This book is excellent for sufferers, family members and professionals. Surely worth reading. If I could recommend one book on this topic this would be it. Thank you, Dr. Penzel. I am sure this will help many people.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Complete Guide to Getting Well and Staying Well Overview

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Polarities of Experience: Relatedness and Self-Definition in Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process Review

Polarities of Experience: Relatedness and Self-Definition in Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process
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Polarities of Experience: Relatedness and Self-Definition in Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process ReviewWritten by personality and psychopathology development expert Sidney J. Blatt, Ph.D. (winner of the 2006 Mary S. Sigourney Foundation award for distinguished contributions to psychoanalysis), Polarities of Experience: Relatedness and Self-Definition in Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process is a scholarly assessment of psychological development intended for clinical researchers, therapists, and psychiatrists in the field, as well as graduate-level psychology students. Putting forth the claim that psychological development consists of a lifelong personal negotiation between two essential aspects of human affairs, relatedness and self-definition, Polarities of Experience discusses how this model affects social theory, personality organization, psychopathology, and the mechanisms of the therapeutic process. An extensive list of references and an index round out this thoroughly professional culmination of a lifetime of study and practice. "Increased understanding of the mechanisms of therapeutic change in both brief and long-term intensive treatment is essential for the further development of refinements of the psychotherapeutic process, refinements that can enable therapists to be more effective in assisting individuals in distress to establish fuller and more satisfying lives - to develop a more adaptive and constructive sense of self and to establish more meaningful interpersonal relationships."Polarities of Experience: Relatedness and Self-Definition in Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process Overview

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